Politics

Politics of the 50s

In the second half of the 50s, the government of President Juscelino Kubitschek gives great impetus to the industrialization of Brazil, and builds a new capital for the country: Brasília.Em 1955, Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira wins the presidential election by the coalition of the PSD - Social Democratic Party - with the PTB - Brazilian Labor Party. The Gaucho Goulart was elected vice president for sheet Kubitschek. Military groups and opposition politicians, especially the UDN - National Democratic Union - start a movement in favor of a military coup against the possession of Kubitschek and João Goulart. These represent the continuity of populism and nationalism of President Getulio Vargas, who died in 1954. But on Nov. 55, former war minister, General Teixeira Lott, put troops on the streets and guarantee the election of President eleito.Em January 56, Kubitschek assumed the presidency.

Developmentalism is the main government policy Kubitschek, whose slogan is "50 years in May." Rapidly industrialize the country, making the industry's center of national and definitely overcome the economy's dependence coffee are some of the assumptions Kubitschek. The incentive for investment of foreign capital is one of their strategies.Industrial growth during Kubitschek is the largest in the history of Brazil. In his government, industrial production increased 80%. But the goal of synthesis Kubitschek period is the change in the federal capital of Rio de Janeiro to the Midwest brasileiro.Com the goal of bringing development to the countryside, the new capital - Brasília - start to be built in 1957. The city project is the urban planner Lucio Costa and architect Oscar Niemeyer. Thousands of workers come from all parts of the country for the construction of Brasilia. Over 13,000 km of federal highways are built linking the new capital to major urban centers. The inauguration takes place in Brasilia in 1960. The final period of the Kubitschek administration is marked by economic crisis.

The rapid growth of industry and spending on capital construction, are among factors that increase inflation of less than 20% per annum in 1956 to more than 30% in 1960. Growing opposition to governo.Em 1957, 400 000 workers make a general strike for salary adjustment for inflation. In the Northeast, the Peasant Leagues demanding land reform and the politics of região.Atendendo shake the pressure from nationalists in 1959 Kubitschek breaks with the IMF - International Monetary Fund - which had conditioned the granting of loans to a policy of wage restraint and cut in public spending. This measure does not solve the problems of the economy, but does support the growing governo.Kubitschek term ends with good popularity. But the economic crisis is a heritage for the next government. In memory of the Brazilian people, the Kubitschek period is remembered as a time of optimism and great achievements as the construction of Brasilia.